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Absence of the portal system in a first trimester case associated with hygroma and aorto-umbilical fistula. (A): Transverse plane of the upper abdomen with color Doppler applied, showing umbilical cord insertion, stomach, the prominent hepatic artery and no afferent liver venous perfusion; (B): midsagittal plane reconstructed from a three-dimensional volume acquisition were the crown-rump ...
Abdominal ultrasound can be used to diagnose abnormalities in various internal organs, such as the kidneys, [1] liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and abdominal aorta.If Doppler ultrasonography is added, the blood flow inside blood vessels can be evaluated as well (for example, to look for renal artery stenosis).
Color Doppler Ultrasound is the most useful imaging tool used to identify aneurysms, thrombosis, and branching patterns of the portal venous system, and to determine if treatment or surgery will be necessary. [5]
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Velamentous cord insertion is often diagnosed using an abdominal ultrasound. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This is most successful in the second trimester, [ 13 ] however Color Doppler ultrasound [ 14 ] or transvaginal ultrasound [ 15 ] can be used in difficult cases, such as when the placenta is located posteriorly.
2D ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound and especially CEUS can play an important role in pretherapeutic staging, particularly when sectional imaging investigations (CT, MRI) provide uncertain results or are contraindicated. During the interventional procedure, ultrasound allows guidance of the needle into the tumor.
Doppler measurements using Doppler effect can show the direction of the blood flow and its relative velocity, and color Doppler is the provision of color to help interpret the image, showing, for example, the blood flow toward the probe in one color and that flowing away in another. While the equipment itself is costly, the procedure is not.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or echo-endoscopy is a medical procedure in which endoscopy (insertion of a probe into a hollow organ) is combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs in the chest, abdomen and colon. It can be used to visualize the walls of these organs, or to look at adjacent structures.