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Functional brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging , are common in neuroimaging but rarely used in neuroradiology. Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories: Structural imaging, which is used to quantify brain structure using e.g., voxel-based morphometry.
The method can also be combined with other brain-imaging techniques such as transcranial stimulation, direct cortical stimulation and, especially, EEG. [67] The fMRI procedure can also be combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to have supplementary information about both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) Positron emission tomography (PET) Single-unit recording; Transcranial direct-current stimulation (TDCS) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
In 1997, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, E. Mark Haacke and coworkers at Washington University in St. Louis developed Susceptibility weighted imaging. [12] The first study of the human brain at 3.0 T was published in 1994, [13] and in 1998 at 8 T. [14] Studies of the human brain have been performed at 9.4 T (2006) [15] and up to 10.5 T (2019). [16]
As an example for local neural synchrony, MEG has been used to investigate alpha rhythms in various targeted brain regions, such as in visual [24] [25] or auditory cortex. [26] Other studies have used MEG to study the neural interactions between different brain regions (e.g., between frontal cortex and visual cortex). [27]
Xenon computed tomography is a modern scanning technique that reveals the flow of blood to the areas of the brain. The scan tests for consistent and sufficient blood flow to all areas of the brain by having patients breathe in xenon gas, a contrast agent, to show the areas of high and low blood flow. Although many trial scans and tests were ran ...
Different fNIRS techniques can also use the way in which light propagates to estimate blood volume and oxygenation. The technique is safe, non-invasive, and can be used with other imaging modalities. fNIRS is a non-invasive imaging method involving the quantification of chromophore concentration resolved from the measurement of near infrared ...