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Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.
These cells contain keratohyalin granules, which are filled with histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins that appear to bind the keratin filaments together. Therefore, the main function of keratohyalin granules is to bind intermediate keratin filaments together. [2] [3]
In the epidermis, these structures are present in the keratohyalin granules in cells of the stratum granulosum. Profilaggrin undergoes proteolytic processing to yield individual filaggrin monomers at the transition between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum , which may be facilitated by calcium -dependent enzymes .
Eleidin is clear intracellular protein which is present in the stratum lucidum of the skin.. Eleidin is a transformation product of the amino acid complex keratohyalin, the lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells.
Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm. In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.
The characteristic feature of the illness is the presence of basophilic keratohyalin granules in cells in the higher layers of the skin. [10] Most frequently, papillomatosis or an acanthotic pattern of thickening of the epidermis occurs with or without psoriasis. [9] There may also be a low-grade lymphohistiocytic infiltration. [3]
[10] [11] Keratinocytes with coarse keratohyalin granules, reticular degeneration, perinuclear vacuolation, and perinuclear eosinophilic inclusions in the granular and spinous layers are characteristics of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. [5] [12]
They can be spherical or ovoid and their epithelial cells contain keratohyalin and bundles of cytoplasmic fibres. [2] Later studies indicate that Hassall's corpuscles differentiate from medullary thymic epithelial cells after they lose autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression. [3] This makes them an example of Thymic mimetic cells. [4]