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The term fuel injection is vague and comprises various distinct systems with fundamentally different functional principles. The only thing all fuel injection systems have in common is the absence of carburetion. There are two main functional principles of mixture formation systems for internal combustion engines: internal and external.
The Ramjet is a continuous-flow port-injection system. Unlike later fuel injection systems that used electronics, this one is based on purely mechanical principles. The two main sub-assemblies of the system are the air meter and the fuel meter. The air meter measures airflow into the engine and manages thermostatic warmup enrichment, fuel ...
Fuel injection allows a precise amount of fuel to suit the amount of air flowing through the engine, making it more efficient. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Fuel injection is also used to regulate the horsepower rating of the stock cars, making the sport safer, providing for more fuel efficient vehicles, in addition to cleaning the environment for the ...
Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]
Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), [1] is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
There are four primary types of fuel injectors; pressure-atomizing, air blast, vaporizing, and premix/prevaporizing injectors. [8] Pressure atomizing fuel injectors rely on high fuel pressures (as much as 3,400 kilopascals (500 psi)) to atomize [nb 1] the fuel. This type of fuel injector has the advantage of being very simple, but it has ...
Indirect injection in an internal combustion engine is fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. Gasoline engines equipped with indirect injection systems, wherein a fuel injector delivers the fuel at some point before the intake valve , have mostly fallen out of favor to direct injection .
Indirect injection, where the fuel is injected into a swirl chamber or pre-combustion chamber. The fuel ignites as it is injected into this chamber and the burning air/fuel mixture spreads into the main combustion chamber. Direct injection engines usually give better fuel economy but indirect injection engines can use a lower grade of fuel.