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Martha was launched in 1788 in Liverpool. She made eleven voyages as a slave ship, carrying slaves from West Africa to the West Indies.On her fourth voyage, she and five other vessels bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for slaves.
In spite of these successes, piracy remained rampant in the West Indies, and John Adams was part of a strong West Indies Squadron created in 1821 to cope with the problem. Nicholas Biddle 's ships labored with zeal; but the task, entailing careful searches by small-boat expeditions of innumerable bays, lagoons, and inlets, seemed endless.
The sparse settlement and slow rate of population increased during Spanish rule and even after British rule made Trinidad one of the less populated colonies of the West Indies, with the least developed plantation infrastructure. [9] The King of Spain Charles IV set up a "Council of War" to look into the surrender.
The ship was sent to the South Pacific Ocean under the command of William Bligh to acquire breadfruit plants and transport them to the British West Indies. That mission was never completed owing to a 1789 mutiny led by acting lieutenant Fletcher Christian, an incident now popularly known as the Mutiny on the Bounty. [1]
Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775 (1974) Stinchcombe, Arthur. Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World (1995) Tibesar, Antonine S. "The Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross of Española," The Americas 13:4(1957):377-389. Wilson, Samuel M.
West Indiaman was a general name for any merchantman sailing ship making runs from the Old World to the West Indies and the east coast of the Americas. [1] These ships were generally strong ocean-going ships capable of handling storms in the Atlantic Ocean . [ 2 ]
The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet (Spanish: Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet; from the Spanish: plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system of sea routes organized by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, which linked Spain with its territories in the Americas across the Atlantic.
The empty ship remained afloat and on-fire for nearly two days, eventually sinking during an attempt to salvage her. In 1948, Empire Windrush arrived at the Port of Tilbury coast near London, carrying 1,027 passengers and two stowaways who embarked at Trinidad, Jamaica, Mexico and Bermuda.