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Diagram of a copper cathode in a galvanic cell (e.g., a battery). Positively charged cations move towards the cathode allowing a positive current i to flow out of the cathode. A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead-acid battery.
The terms anode and cathode are not defined by the voltage polarity of electrodes, but are usually defined by the direction of current through the electrode. An anode usually is the electrode of a device through which conventional current (positive charge) flows into the device from an external circuit, while a cathode usually is the electrode through which conventional current flows out of ...
) ions flow to the anode to release electrons and a hydrogen (H +) ion to produce oxygen gas in an oxidation reaction. In molten sodium chloride (NaCl), when a current is passed through the salt the anode oxidizes chloride ions (Cl −) to chlorine gas, it releases electrons to the anode. Likewise, the cathode reduces sodium ions (Na +
This can be verified by adding a pH indicator to the water: Water near the cathode is basic while water near the anode is acidic. The hydroxides OH − that approach the anode mostly combine with the positive hydronium ions (H 3 O +) to form water. The positive hydronium ions that approach the cathode mostly combine with negative hydroxide ions ...
SOFCs are unique because negatively charged oxygen ions travel from the cathode (positive side of the fuel cell) to the anode (negative side of the fuel cell) instead of protons travelling vice versa (i.e., from the anode to the cathode), as is the case in all other types of fuel cells. Oxygen gas is fed through the cathode, where it absorbs ...
The protons flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte after the reaction. At the same time, electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, producing direct current electricity. [citation needed] cathode At the cathode, another catalyst causes hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to react, forming ...
The positive ions are all attracted to the negative cathode, and some pass through the holes in the cathode. These are the anode rays. By the time they reach the cathode, the ions have been accelerated to a sufficient speed such that when they collide with other atoms or molecules in the gas they excite the species to a higher energy level. In ...
In the early experimental cold cathode vacuum tubes in which cathode rays were discovered, called Crookes tubes, this was done by using a high electrical potential of thousands of volts between the anode and the cathode to ionize the residual gas atoms in the tube. The positive ions were accelerated by the electric field toward the cathode, and ...