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A crux immissa or Latin cross. A Latin cross or crux immissa is a type of cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam, [1] giving the cross four arms. Typically the two horizontal and upper vertical arm are the same length, although sometimes the vertical is shorter, however the lower vertical arm is always much longer than any other arm.
Plan of the Renaissance St Peter's Basilica, showing elements of both central and longitudinal plan. Many of the earliest churches of Byzantium have a longitudinal plan. At Hagia Sophia , Istanbul, there is a central dome, framed on one axis by two high semi-domes and on the other by low rectangular transept arms, the overall plan being square.
In churches of Western European tradition, the plan is usually longitudinal, in the form of the so-called Latin Cross, with a long nave crossed by a transept. The transept may be as strongly projecting as at York Minster or not project beyond the aisles as at Amiens Cathedral. Many of the earliest churches of Byzantium have a longitudinal plan.
Several Christian cross variants are available in computer-displayed text. A Latin cross ("†") is included in the extended ASCII character set, [1] and several variants have been added to Unicode, starting with the Latin cross in version 1.1. [2] For others, see Religious and political symbols in Unicode.
The plan is a simple well-defined Latin cross. The eastern end of the building and the terminals of the transept have semi-circular apses with no surrounding ambulatory. The crossing is surmounted by a dome which, in this instance, is unusual in being oval, thus prefiguring the flexible use of architectural form of the Baroque period.
Plan of a large Latin cross church, with the chancel (strict definition) highlighted.This chancel terminates in a semicircular sanctuary in the apse, and is separated from the curved walls to the east in the diagram by an ambulatory.
Amiens Cathedral floorplan: massive piers support the west end towers; transepts are abbreviated; seven radiating chapels form the chevet reached from the ambulatory. In Western ecclesiastical architecture, a cathedral diagram is a floor plan showing the sections of walls and piers, giving an idea of the profiles of their columns and ribbing.
In this design Wren sought to reconcile Gothic, the predominant style of English churches, to a "better manner of architecture". It has the longitudinal Latin Cross plan of a medieval cathedral. It is of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 storeys and has classical porticos at the west and transept ends, influenced by Inigo Jones's addition to Old St Paul's. [88]