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Quercus ilex, the holm oak, [2] [3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, [4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them. [1] The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections. Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis, the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus, which included
Live oak was widely used in early American butt shipbuilding.Because of the trees' short height and low-hanging branches, lumber from live oaks was used in curved parts of the frame, such as knee braces (single-piece, L-shaped braces that spring inward from the side and support the deck), in which the grain runs perpendicular to structural stress, making for exceptional strength.
The forests vary in species composition with elevation and soils.. Lower elevation forests are dominated by sclerophyllous evergreen oaks, including holm oak Quercus ilex, often on limestone-derived soils, and cork oak Quercus suber, often on soils derived from volcanic rocks.
Quercus sect. Ilex was first established by John Claudius Loudon in 1838. It has also been treated as a subgenus, under the name Quercus subg. Heterobalanus Oerst., and as subsection. Members may be called ilex oaks. [1] Like all species of Quercus, those of section Ilex are trees or shrubs with acorn-like fruit.
Quercus rotundifolia is a medium to large tree, usually 8–12 m (26–39 ft) in height, but can reach up to 15 m (49 ft) with a large, dense, rounded canopy. It has small, leathery, dark-green leaves with a glaucous , densely pubescent underside usually suborbicular to elliptical or lanceolate and are generally spiny to dentate on a younger tree.
Holm oak may refer to: . Quercus ilex, tree native to South and Southeast Europe and parts of France; Quercus rotundifolia, tree native to the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa
Its altitudinal distribution [6] ranges from the eu-Mediterranean belt (evergreen Quercus ilex forest) to the submediterranean belt (deciduous Quercus-Carpinus forests), suggesting it can thrive in both lowland and mid-elevation environments. [18]