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Ketoconazole has also been found to decrease levels of endogenous corticosteroids, such as cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone, as well as vitamin D. [54] [48] Ketoconazole has been found to displace dihydrotestosterone and estradiol from sex hormone-binding globulin in vitro, but this was not found to be relevant in vivo. [48]
Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons , waxes , or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [ 1 ]
The drug comes in the form of creams, shampoos, and tablets. Other than treating the infection, ketoconazole may cause skin reactions at the site of application, including skin rash and itching. Ketoconazole is contraindicated in patients with acute porphyrias , where patients may present with shortness of breath and seizures .
Crisaborole was developed by Anacor Pharmaceuticals for the topical treatment of psoriasis. [9] [6] [10] During preclinical and clinical development, crisaborole was called AN2728 and PF-06930164. [11] The drug was assumed to be potential $2bn-a-year blockbuster, when Pfizer acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals. [12]
From topical creams and phototherapy to steroids and newer injectables called biologics, here's how to choose the right treatment for you.
A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
Apremilast, sold under the brand name Otezla among others, is a medication for the treatment of certain types of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. [4] The drug acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). [4] It is taken by mouth. [4]
Oral ketoconazole has side effects too. In 2016, the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) limited the use of Nizoral oral tablets due to a potential risk of liver and adrenal damage. In some ...