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2. Rigid-frame bridge - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid-frame_bridge

   A rigid-frame bridge is a bridge in which the superstructure and substructure are rigidly connected to act as a continuous unit. Typically, the structure is cast monolithically, making the structure continuous from deck to foundation. The connections between members are rigid connections which transfer bending moment, axial forces, and shear ...

3. Plate girder bridge - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_girder_bridge

   In the deck-type bridge, a wood, steel or reinforced concrete bridge deck is supported on top of two or more plate girders, and may act compositely with them. In the case of railroad bridges, the railroad ties themselves may form the bridge deck, or the deck may support ballast on which the track is laid.

4. Deck (bridge) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deck_(bridge)

   A grid deck uses beams and diaphragms as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck.

5. Deck (building) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deck_(building)

   A deck is also the surface used to construct a boardwalk over sand on barrier islands. Laying deck or throwing deck refers to the act of placing and bolting down cold-formed steel beneath roofing and concrete floors. This is usually done by an ironworker, sometimes in conjunction with a cement mason or carpenter. It regarded as one of the most ...

6. Substructure (engineering) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substructure_(engineering)

   The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground. This includes foundations and basement retaining walls. [1] It is differentiated from the superstructure. It safeguards the building against the forces of wind, uplift, soil pressure etc.

7. I-beam - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-beam

   A typical cross-section of I-beams. There are two standard I-beam forms: Rolled I-beam, formed by hot rolling, cold rolling or extrusion, depending on the material.; Plate girder, formed by welding (or occasionally bolting or riveting) plates.