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A genetic chimerism or chimera (/ k aɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / ky-MEER-ə or / k ɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / kim-EER-ə) is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos .
A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid, while an organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human-animal chimera.
In addition to these genes markings, there is a second, completely separate gene which determines whether this coloration shows up at full strength (orange or black) or diluted (cream or gray).
Diagnosing a chimera or mosaic is particularly difficult due to the random distribution of 46,XX and 46,XY cells within the body. In a chimeric, an organ might be made up of a mix of 46,XX and 46,XY, but is made up entirely only one genotype. When that is the case, no abnormalities are noted and other types of tissues need to be analyzed. [15]
In molecular biology, and more importantly high-throughput DNA sequencing, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating when multiple transcripts or DNA sequences get joined. Chimeras can be considered artifacts and be filtered out from the data during processing [ 1 ] to prevent spurious inferences of biological variation. [ 2 ]
Chimeric transcripts characterize specific cellular phenotypes and are suspected to function not only in cancer, but also in normal cells. One example of a chimera in normal human cells is generated by trans-splicing of the 5′ exons of the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7p15 and the 3′ exons of JJAZ1 on chromosome 17q1. This chimeric RNA is ...
According to Catster, "A chimera cat results from two embryos merging in their mother’s womb in the early stages of development. This results in a single cat carrying two sets of DNA instead of one.
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