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In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [2] [3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.
Startle-evoked movement — involuntary initiation of a planned movement in response to a startling stimulus. Startle reflex; Sucking reflex — a primitive reflex, sucking at anything that touches the roof of an infant's mouth. Stretch reflex
If something is interfering with this control, automatism may be available as an excuse. Duress is not an example of involuntary action as although the choices faced by the person under duress may be difficult, nonetheless they are still acting voluntarily. Some would describe action under duress as non-voluntary as opposed to involuntary.
Automatism is a set of brief unconscious or automatic behaviors, [1] typically at least several seconds or minutes, while the subject is unaware of actions. This type of automatic behavior often occurs in certain types of epilepsy, such as complex partial seizures in those with temporal lobe epilepsy, [2] or as a side effect of particular medications such as zolpidem.
Echopraxia (also known as echokinesis [1]) is the involuntary repetition or imitation of another person's actions. [1] Similar to echolalia, the involuntary repetition of sounds and language, it is one of the echophenomena ("automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness"). [1]
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. [1] [2] [need quotation to verify] [3] It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response.
Automatic and controlled processes (ACP) are the two categories of cognitive processing.All cognitive processes fall into one or both of those two categories. The amounts of "processing power", attention, and effort a process requires is the primary factor used to determine whether it's a controlled or an automatic process.
An involuntary action is one that is unintentional, i.e. without volition or will; see volition (psychology) and will (philosophy). Involuntary may also refer to: Involuntary, a 2008 Swedish film by Ruben Östlund "Involuntary", a song on the M. Ward album Transfiguration of Vincent; Involuntary action of the body, also known as reflex