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Shod runners tend to heel strike due to the designs of the modern shoes, which have thick heels to reduce the impact force from the ground. When running barefoot, however, some runners tend to shift to a forefoot striking pattern to avoid such impact, which is equivalent to 2–3 times the body weight. [ 22 ]
In a healthy individual walking at a normal walking speed, stance phase makes up approximately 60% of one gait cycle and swing makes up the remaining 40%. [3] The lower limbs are only in contact with the ground during the stance phase, which is typically subdivided into 5 events: heel contact, foot flat, mid-stance, heel off, and toe off.
With a heel strike, this phase may be just a continuation of momentum from the stretch reflex, gravity, and light hip extension, offering little force absorption through the ankle joint. [28] [30] [31] On the other hand, a mid/forefoot strike helps in shock absorption, supporting plantar flexion from midstance to toe-off. [31] [32]
mid-foot strike – heel and ball land simultaneously; heel strike – heel-toe: heel of foot lands, then plantar flexes to ball; Sprinting typically features a forefoot strike, but the heel does not usually contact the ground. Some researchers classify foot strike by the initial center of pressure; this is mostly applicable to shod running ...
Ballistic training, also known as compensatory acceleration training, [1] [2] uses exercises which accelerate a force through the entire range of motion. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] It is a form of power training which can involve throwing weights, jumping with weights, or swinging weights in order to increase explosive power. [ 4 ]
Gait training or gait rehabilitation is the act of learning how to walk, either as a child, or, more frequently, after sustaining an injury or disability.Normal human gait is a complex process, which happens due to co-ordinated movements of the whole of the body, requiring the whole of Central Nervous System - the brain and spinal cord, to function properly.
Eccentric training is a type of strength training that involves using the target muscles to control weight as it moves in a downward motion. This type of training can help build muscle, improve athletic performance, and reduce the risk of injury. An eccentric contraction is the motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under load ...
Closed chain exercises are often compound movements, that generally incur compressive forces, while open-chain exercises are often isolation movements that promote more shearing forces. [ 1 ] CKC exercises involve more than one muscle group and joint simultaneously rather than concentrating solely on one, as many OKC exercises do (single-joint ...