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Social rank theory provides an evolutionary paradigm that locates affiliative and ranking structures at the core of many psychological disorders.In this context, displays of submission signal to dominant individuals that subordinate group members are not a threat to their rank within the social hierarchy.
A group-based hierarchy is distinct from an individual-based hierarchy in that the former is based on a socially constructed group such as race, ethnicity, religion, social class and freedoms, linguistic group, etc. while the latter is based on inherited, athletic or leadership ability, high intelligence, artistic abilities, etc. [14]
An ideal society requires some groups to be on top and others to be on the bottom. Some groups of people are simply inferior to other groups. Groups at the bottom are just as deserving as groups at the top. (reverse-scored) No one group should dominate in society. (reverse-scored) Groups at the bottom should not have to stay in their place.
Ardener's 1975 muted group theory also posited that dominant group members formulate a "communication system that support their perception of the world and conceptualized it as the appropriate language for the rest of society". [3] Communication faculty Stanback and Pearce (1981) referred to these non-dominant groups as "subordinate social groups".
In societies that regard some races or ethnic groups of people as dominant or superior and others as subordinate or inferior, hypodescent refers to the automatic assignment of children of a mixed union to the subordinate group. [1] The opposite practice is hyperdescent, in which children are assigned to the race that is considered dominant or ...
In social psychology, superordinate goals are goals that are worth completing but require two or more social groups to cooperatively achieve. [1] The idea was proposed by social psychologist Muzafer Sherif in his experiments on intergroup relations, run in the 1940s and 1950s, as a way of reducing conflict between competing groups. [2]
A reference group is a group to which an individual or another group is compared, used by sociologists in reference to any group that is used by an individual as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior. More simply, as explained by Thompson and Hickey (2005), such groups are ones "that people refer to when evaluating their ...
Group threat theory, also known as group position theory, [1] is a sociological theory that proposes the larger the size of an outgroup, the more the corresponding ingroup perceives it to threaten its own interests, resulting in the ingroup members having more negative attitudes toward the outgroup. [2]