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Opioid use during pregnancy may cause adverse outcomes for the women and unborn child. [11] Women who use opioids during pregnancy in a non-medical fashion are at a higher risk for premature birth, lower birth weight, still birth, specific birth defects, and withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome). [11]
Opioid drugs are used for various reasons during pregnancy, with pain being a frequent issue. Conditions like pelvic and lower back pain, occurring in around 68 to 72% of pregnancies, are commonly treated with these medications. [2] [3] [4] Moreover, other sources of pain like muscle aches, migraines, and joint pain are commonly reported during ...
The use of alcohol during pregnancy occurs at different rates across the world, potentially due to various cultural differences and legislation. The five countries with the highest prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy are Ireland (60%), Belarus (47%), Denmark (46%), the UK (41%), and the Russian Federation (37%). [29]
According to the National Institutes of Health, "cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy," and the American Academy of Pediatrics advises mothers to avoid using marijuana ...
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a hypothesized set of persistent impairments that occur after withdrawal from alcohol, [1] [2] opiates, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and other substances. [3] [4] [5] Infants born to mothers who used substances of dependence during pregnancy may also experience a PAWS.
Source revision needed Was a frequently used tocolytic in the mid-20th century, but later double-blind studies [43] found it was not effective. Pregnancy: no amount of ethanol is safe to the fetus [44] Intoxication, withdrawal [22] Fetal alcohol syndrome: ethanol is a teratogen and can harm fetus [44]
Nonpharmacological interventions are usually prioritized for the treatment of infants with NAS, but for those experiencing severe opioid withdrawal then the use of medications is to be considered. [29] Medications are used to minimize clinical signs of withdrawal including fever, seizures, and weight loss or dehydration. [33]
Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus to the drug.Babies whose mothers used cocaine while pregnant supposedly have increased risk of several different health issues during growth and development and are colloquially known as crack babies.