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Ocean surface topography can be derived from ship-going measurements of temperature and salinity at depth. However, since 1992, a series of satellite altimetry missions, beginning with TOPEX/Poseidon and continued with Jason-1 , Ocean Surface Topography Mission on the Jason-2 satellite, Jason-3 and now Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich have measured ...
Ocean surface currents Distinctive white lines trace ... A 1943 map of the world's ocean currents. ... It records information about currents (speed, direction, depth ...
A summary of the path of the thermohaline circulation. Blue paths represent deep-water currents, while red paths represent surface currents. The NADW is not the deepest water layer in the Atlantic Ocean; the Antarctic bottom water (AABW) is always the densest, deepest ocean layer in any basin deeper than 4,000 metres (2.5 mi). [27]
A map of the Loop Current. ... The rings can measure 200 to 400 kilometers in diameter and extend down to a depth of 1000 meters. ... Ocean Surface Currents explains ...
Additionally, extensive upwelling of colder sub-surface waters occurs, caused by the prevailing northwesterly winds acting through the Ekman Effect. The winds drive surface water to the right of the wind flow, that is offshore, which draws water up from below to replace it. The upwelling further cools the already cool California Current.
Depth: The surface currents flow west. There is reversal point about 40 metres (130 ft) down, where the water starts to flow east. The current goes down to about 400 metres (1,300 ft). Flow rate:The total flow is up to around 30,000,000 cubic metres (1.1 × 10 9 cu ft) per second. The top speed is around 1.5 m/s (2.9 knots; 3.4 mph), which is ...
View of the currents surrounding the gyre. The North Atlantic Gyre of the Atlantic Ocean is one of five great oceanic gyres.It is a circular ocean current, with offshoot eddies and sub-gyres, across the North Atlantic from the Intertropical Convergence Zone (calms or doldrums) to the part south of Iceland, and from the east coasts of North America to the west coasts of Europe and Africa.
The circumpolar current is driven by the strong westerly winds in the latitudes of the Southern Ocean. The ACC (red circle near the middle of the image) in relation to the global thermohaline circulation. In latitudes where there are continents, winds blowing on light surface water can simply pile up light water against these continents.