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In situ [a] is a Latin phrase meaning "in place" or "on site", derived from in ("in") and situ (ablative of situs, "place"). [3] The term refers to the examination or preservation of phenomena within their original place or context. This methodological approach, used across diverse disciplines, maintains contextual integrity essential for ...
A CTD instrument is an oceanography sonde (French for probe) used to measure the electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure of seawater. The pressure is closely related to depth. Conductivity is used to determine salinity. The CTD may be incorporated into an array of Niskin bottles referred to as a carousel or rosette. The sampling ...
The SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) is a data archive of in situ oceanographic data used to support satellite remote sensing research of ocean color. SeaBASS is used for developing algorithms for satellite-derived variables (such as chlorophyll-a concentration ) and for validating or “ground-truthing” satellite ...
In situ observations spanning from the early 1700s to present are available from the International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). This data set includes observations of a number of the surface ocean and atmospheric variables from ships, moored and drifting buoys and C-MAN stations.
The WOA consists of a climatology of fields of in situ ocean properties for the World Ocean. It was first produced in 1994 [ 2 ] (based on the earlier Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean , 1982 [ 3 ] ), with later editions at roughly four year intervals in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2018, and 2023.
Data useful for operational oceanography, are obtained by diverse means including in-situ (ships, drifters, floats, moorings, etc.) and satellites. They come in very different forms, from a single variable measured at a single point to multivariate, four-dimensional collections of data that can represent data volumes from a few bytes to gigabytes.
Conservative temperature is defined to be directly proportional to potential enthalpy. It is rescaled to have the same units as the in-situ temperature: = where = 3989.24495292815 J kg −1 K −1 is a reference value of the specific heat capacity, chosen to be as close as possible to the spatial average of the heat capacity over the entire ocean surface.
Ocean dynamics are governed by Newton's equations of motion expressed as the Navier-Stokes equations for a fluid element located at (x,y,z) on the surface of our rotating planet and moving at velocity (u,v,w) relative to that surface: