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Trash piles along and in the Dhobi Khola in Kathmandu in 2023. Sedimentation and discharge of industrial effluents are prominent sources of water pollution, and the burning of wood for fuel is a significant source of indoor air pollution and respiratory problems. Vehicular and industrial emissions increasingly have contributed to air pollution ...
Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike. Air pollution is a particularly big problem in emerging and developing countries, where global environmental standards often cannot be met. The data in this list refers only to outdoor air quality and not indoor air quality, which ...
Air pollution is a major issue in the Kathmandu Valley. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ] According to the 2016 World Health Organization's Ambient Air Pollution Database, [ 49 ] the annual average PM2.5 (particulate matter) concentration in 2013 was 49 μg/m 3 , which is 4.9 times higher than recommended by the World Health Organization .
Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death; it can also cause harm to animals and crops and damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). [2] Air pollution can occur naturally or be caused by human activities. [3]
Particulate pollution is pollution of an environment that consists of particles suspended in some medium. There are three primary forms: atmospheric particulate matter, [1] marine debris, [2] and space debris. [3] Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others form in chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Biomass is by far the most important primary energy source in Nepal. Biomass comprises wood, agricultural residues and dung. One major problem with this is that burning these biomass substances for cooking is a common practice (87.3%) and thus exposes those living in the house to harmful air pollutants. [7]
Ammonia seeps into aquatic ecosystem in many different ways from both anthropogenic (waste water, fertilizers, and industrial waste) and natural (Nitrogen fixation and air deposition) sources. [20] Ammonia is toxic to most aquatic life including fish, corals, and planktonic crustaceans. [21] Ammonia can have 2 different forms in water.
Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane in the world, and are therefore a major area of concern with respect to climate change. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Wetlands account for approximately 20–30% of atmospheric methane through emissions from soils and plants, and contribute an approximate average of 161 Tg of methane to the ...