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A genetic chimerism or chimera (/ k aɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / ky-MEER-ə or / k ɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / kim-EER-ə) is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos .
A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid, while an organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human-animal chimera.
In molecular biology, and more importantly high-throughput DNA sequencing, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating when multiple transcripts or DNA sequences get joined. Chimeras can be considered artifacts and be filtered out from the data during processing [ 1 ] to prevent spurious inferences of biological variation. [ 2 ]
'Patchwork' Maine Coon Cat Is Actually a Rare Genetic Chimera. Diana Logan. July 4, 2024 at 12:39 PM. Shutterstock / Kristina Savelieva.
Chimeric genes are important players in the evolution of genetic novelty. Much like gene duplications, they provide a source of new genes, which can allow organisms to develop new phenotypes and adapt to their environment. Unlike duplicate genes, chimeric proteins are immediately distinct from their parental genes, and therefore are more likely ...
Diagnosing a chimera or mosaic is particularly difficult due to the random distribution of 46,XX and 46,XY cells within the body. In a chimeric, an organ might be made up of a mix of 46,XX and 46,XY, but is made up entirely only one genotype. When that is the case, no abnormalities are noted and other types of tissues need to be analyzed. [15]
According to Catster, "A chimera cat results from two embryos merging in their mother’s womb in the early stages of development. This results in a single cat carrying two sets of DNA instead of one.
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