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Diagnosis is typically made based on a history of significant radiation exposure and suitable clinical findings. [3] An absolute lymphocyte count can give a rough estimate of radiation exposure. [3] Time from exposure to vomiting can also give estimates of exposure levels if they are less than 10 Gy (1000 rad). [3]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
At this time they begin exhibiting symptoms of radiation poisoning of sufficient severity to render them totally ineffective. Death follows for about half of males at approximately six weeks after exposure. Nausea and vomiting generally occur within 24–48 hours after exposure to mild (1–2 Gy) doses of radiation.
In his presentation, he defined the latent period as being 1–5 years, and the formation coinciding with the period of maximum radiation dose. The recovery period was described as being 3–12 months after exposure ceased. He concluded that "CRS represents a systemic response of the body as a whole to the chronic total body exposure in man."
The embryo and fetus are considered highly sensitive to radiation exposure. [8] Complications from radiation exposure include malformation of internal organs, reduction of IQ, and cancer formation. [8] The SI unit of exposure is the coulomb per kilogram (C/kg), which has largely replaced the roentgen (R). [9]
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