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The Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd in May, 1946, primarily as a fundraising and policy-making agency. [1] Its aims were to warn the public of the dangers associated with the development of nuclear weapons, promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and ultimately work towards world peace, which was seen as the only way that ...
4 November: Einstein published non-covariant field equations and on 11 November returned to the field equations of the "Entwurf" papers, which he now made covariant by the assumption that the trace of the energy-momentum tensor was zero, as it was for electromagnetism. Einstein sent Hilbert proofs of his papers of 4 and 11 November.
The cosmological constant was originally introduced in Einstein's 1917 paper entitled “The cosmological considerations in the General Theory of Reality”. [2] Einstein included the cosmological constant as a term in his field equations for general relativity because he was dissatisfied that otherwise his equations did not allow for a static universe: gravity would cause a universe that was ...
The signatories included eleven pre-eminent intellectuals and scientists, including Albert Einstein, who signed it just days before his death on April 18, 1955. A few days after the release, philanthropist Cyrus S. Eaton offered to sponsor a conference—called for in the manifesto—in Pugwash, Nova Scotia , Eaton's birthplace.
1905 – Albert Einstein discovers the equivalence of mass and energy, [36] = in modern form. [37] [38] [31] 1906 – Max Planck coins the term Relativtheorie. Albert Einstein later uses the term Relativitätstheorie in a conversation with Paul Ehrenfest. He originally prefers calling it Invariance Theory.
(Einstein was formally awarded his PhD on 15 January 1906.) [79] [80] [81] Four other pieces of work that Einstein completed in 1905—his famous papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, his special theory of relativity and the equivalence of mass and energy—have led to the year being celebrated as an annus mirabilis for physics ...
Einstein's photon had an energy proportional to its frequency and also explained an unpublished law of Stokes and the photoelectric effect. [5] This published postulate was specifically cited by the Nobel Prize in Physics committee in their decision to award the prize for 1921 to Einstein.
Einstein was the first physicist to say that Max Planck's discovery of the energy quanta would require a rewriting of the laws of physics.To support his point, in 1905 Einstein proposed that light sometimes acts as a particle which he called a light quantum (see photon and wave–particle duality).