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Middle Eastern males were tagged as criminal and un-Australian by the media brush of ethnic crime. [14] In one incident, two young men of Middle Eastern appearance, on their way for a swim, were mobbed and beaten on a train carriage, with both responding police officers and a nearby press photographer fearing there would be a killing. [17]
In the 2001 census, 248,807 Australian residents reported Arab ancestry. Additionally, 209,372 Australians indicated that they spoke Arabic at home. 162,283 Australian residents were born in one of the 22 Arab League nations, a proportion which represented 0.8% of Australia's population. 120,000 Australians also had a parent who was born in an Arab state.
Under the White Australia policy of the late nineteenth century (and with Lebanon being located in the Middle East, geographically known as South West Asia) Lebanese migrants were classified as Asians and came within the scope of the so-called White Australia policy, which intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia.
The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach (2001) Foster, William, et al. Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities (1998) Jupp, James. From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration (2007) excerpt and text search; Jupp, James. The English in Australia (2004) excerpt and text search; Jupp, James.
During this period the visas of around 400 Iraqis living in Australia were extended until the end of the Gulf War. Iraqi immigration to Australia peaked between 1992 and 1995, with the Iraq-born population in Victoria increasing to 3,492 by 1996. [4] By 2001 this community had increased a further 74% to 6,091 people. [4]
The Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial commissioned by the Turkish Sub-branch of the Victorian RSL honours WWI fallen soldiers and is a tribute to Australian-Turkish relations The Turkish language is well maintained in Australia and is seen as very important for the self-identification of Turkish Australians. [ 31 ]
Asylum in Australia has been granted to many refugees since 1945, when half a million Europeans displaced by World War II were given asylum. Since then, there have been periodic waves of asylum seekers from South East Asia and the Middle East, with government policy and public opinion changing over the years.
While small in number, the Ghana-born steadily increased from the mid-1970s following the easing of immigration restrictions. [2] The majority of Ghanaian Australians are skilled and educated, with 70.6% of the Ghana-born aged 15 years and over possessing higher non-school qualifications, compared to 55.9% of the Australian population. [2]