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The carotid siphon of the internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves III, IV, V (branches V 1 and V 2) and VI all pass through this blood filled space. Both sides of cavernous sinus are connected to each other via intercavernous sinuses. The cavernous sinus lies in between the inner and outer layers of dura mater. [3]
Oblique section through the cavernous sinus. The cavernous segment, or C4, of the internal carotid artery begins at the petrolingual ligament and extends to the proximal dural ring, which is formed by the medial and inferior periosteum of the anterior clinoid process. The cavernous segment is surrounded by the cavernous sinus.
The medial angle of the eye, nose and lips (known as the danger triangle of the face) usually drain through the facial vein, via the superior ophthalmic vein through the cavernous sinus. An infection of the face may spread to the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein. [6] This can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis. [6]
The danger triangle of the face consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla. [1] [2]: 345–346 Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infection from the nasal area to spread to the brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess.
The walls of the dural venous sinuses are composed of dura mater lined with endothelium, a specialized layer of flattened cells found in blood and lymph vessels.They differ from other blood vessels in that they lack a full set of vessel layers (e.g. tunica media) characteristic of arteries and veins.
Transverse sinus; Confluence of sinuses; Marginal sinus; Occipital sinus; Petrosquamous sinus; Sigmoid sinus; Superior sagittal sinus; Inferior sagittal sinus; Straight sinus; Inferior petrosal sinus; Superior petrosal sinus; Cavernous sinus; Sphenoparietal sinus; Diploic veins; Emissary veins; Cerebral veins. Superficial cerebral veins ...
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. This is a rare disorder and can be of two types–septic cavernous thrombosis and aseptic cavernous thrombosis. [ 1 ]
The superficial middle cerebral vein (superficial Sylvian vein) begins on the lateral surface of the hemisphere.It runs along the lateral sulcus [1] to empty into either the cavernous sinus, [1] [2] or sphenoparietal sinus. [1]