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In the experimental approach the hydraulic conductivity is determined from hydraulic experiments that are interpreted using Darcy's law. The experimental approach is broadly classified into: Laboratory tests using soil samples subjected to hydraulic experiments; Field tests (on site, in situ) that are differentiated into:
An oedometer test is a kind of geotechnical investigation performed in geotechnical engineering that measures a soil's consolidation properties. Oedometer tests are performed by applying different loads to a soil sample and measuring the deformation response.
Laboratory consolidation tests yield measurements of the coefficient of consolidation within the inelastic range and provide estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity. [9] The inelastic skeletal specific storage of the sample can be determined by calculating the ratio of vertical hydraulic conductivity to the coefficient of consolidation.
This test uses a remolded soil sample to determine the Expansion Index (EI), an empirical value required by building design codes, at a water content of 50% [clarification needed] for expansive soils, like expansive clays. [11] Hydraulic conductivity tests There are several tests available to determine a soil's hydraulic conductivity. They ...
where q is the volume flux vector of the fluid at a particular point in the medium, h is the total hydraulic head, and K is the hydraulic conductivity tensor, at that point. The hydraulic conductivity can often be approximated as a scalar. (Note the analogy to Ohm's law in electrostatics. The flux vector is analogous to the current density ...
where s is the drawdown (change in hydraulic head at a point since the beginning of the test in units of distance), u is a dimensionless parameter, Q is the discharge (pumping) rate of the well (volume per unit time), T and S are the transmissivity and storativity of the aquifer around the well (distance squared per unit time and dimensionless ...
Values of hydraulic conductivity, , can vary by many orders of magnitude depending on the soil type. Clays may have hydraulic conductivity as small as about , gravels may have hydraulic conductivity up to about . Layering and heterogeneity and disturbance during the sampling and testing process make the accurate measurement of soil hydraulic ...
A slug test is in contrast to standard aquifer tests, which typically involve pumping a well at a constant flowrate, and monitoring the response of the aquifer in nearby monitoring wells. Often slug tests are performed instead of a constant rate test, because: time constraints (quick results, or results for a large number of wells, are needed),