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Portable, or field pH meters, are handheld pH meters that are used to take the pH of a sample in a field or production site. [19] In-line or in situ pH meters, also called pH analyzers, are used to measure pH continuously in a process, and can stand-alone, or be connected to a higher level information system for process control. [20]
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
Paper form: It is a strip of coloured paper which changes colour to red if the solution is acidic and to blue, if the solution is basic. The strip can be placed directly onto a surface of a wet substance or a few drops of the solution can be dropped onto the universal indicator using dropping equipment.
H + does not cross through the glass membrane of the pH electrode, it is the Na + which crosses and leads to a change in free energy. When an ion diffuses from a region of activity to another region of activity, there is a free energy change and this is what the pH meter actually measures.
An elementary pH meter that can be used to monitor titration reactions. pH meter: A potentiometer with an electrode whose potential depends on the amount of H + ion present in the solution. (This is an example of an ion-selective electrode.) The pH of the solution is measured throughout the titration, more accurately than with an indicator; at ...
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historically, used in human or animal experiments to measure and record data Long extension kymograph: historically, used in or human animal experiments to measure and record data Surface plasmon resonance: Label-free detection of molecule binding. Used to determine kinetic constants of the interaction (k a, k d, K D). Can also be used for ...
Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver wire (Ag (s)) coated with a thin layer of silver chloride (AgCl), either physically by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride, chemically by electroplating the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) [3] or electrochemically by oxidising the silver at an anode ...