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  2. History of criminal justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_criminal_justice

    In Ancient Egypt a police force was created by the time of the Fifth Dynasty (25th – 24th century BC). The guards, chosen by kings and nobles from among the military and ex-military, were tasked with apprehending criminals and protecting caravans, public places and border forts before the creation of a standing army.

  3. Crime and Punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_and_Punishment

    In his memoirs, the conservative belletrist Nikolay Strakhov recalled that Crime and Punishment was the literary sensation of 1866 in Russia. [47] Tolstoy's novel War and Peace was being serialized in The Russian Messenger at the same time as Crime and Punishment. The novel soon attracted the criticism of the liberal and radical critics.

  4. Bloody Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Code

    This period saw the introduction of new laws focused on property defence, which some viewed as class suppression. As convictions for capital crimes increased, penal transportation with indentured servitude became a more common punishment. In 1785, Australia was deemed suitable for transporting convicts, and over one-third of all criminals ...

  5. Executioner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executioner

    The term is extended to administrators of severe physical punishment that is not prescribed to kill, but which may result in death. Executions in France (using the guillotine since the French Revolution ) persisted until 1977, and the French Republic had an official executioner; the last one, Marcel Chevalier , served until the formal abolition ...

  6. Stocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocks

    The stocks, pillory, and pranger each consist of large wooden boards with hinges; however, the stocks are distinguished by their restraint of the feet. The stocks consist of placing boards around the ankles and wrists, whereas with the pillory, the boards are fixed to a pole and placed around the arms and neck, forcing the punished to stand.

  7. On Crimes and Punishments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Crimes_and_Punishments

    Suicide is a crime which seems not to admit of punishment, properly speaking; for it cannot be inflicted but on the innocent, or upon an insensible dead body. In the first case, it is unjust and tyrannical, for political liberty supposes all punishments entirely personal; in the second, it has the same effect, by way of example, as the ...

  8. Rodion Raskolnikov - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodion_Raskolnikov

    Raskolnikov, drawn by Russian painter Pyotr Mikhaylovich Boklevskiy in 1880s. Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov (pre-reform Russian: Родіонъ Романовичъ Раскольниковъ; post-reform Russian: Родион Романович Раскольников, romanized: Rodión Románovich Raskólʹnikov, IPA: [rədʲɪˈon rɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕ rɐˈskolʲnʲɪkəf]) is the fictional ...

  9. History of rape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rape

    The concept of rape, both as an abduction and in the sexual sense (not always distinguishable), makes its appearance in early religious texts.. Scholars of the Ancient Near East debate whether certain pieces of legislation regarding sexual offences from various states and cultures that have survived to the present day are about "rape" or about various other offences that the individuals ...