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Papilledema or papilloedema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause. [1] The swelling is usually bilateral and can occur over a period of hours to weeks. [ 2 ]
This often leads to long delays (e.g. 13–18 months) between the onset of initial symptoms and diagnosis. ... Papilledema (swelling of the ... This page was last ...
Papilledema that is not yet chronic will not have as dramatic an effect on vision. Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth nerve palsy, papilledema can be differentiated from papillitis if esotropia and loss of abduction are also present. However, esotropia may also develop secondarily in an eye that has ...
Intermediate uveitis is a form of uveitis localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina.Primary sites of inflammation include the vitreous of which other such entities as pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis are encompassed.
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.
Chemosis is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva.The term derives from the Greek words cheme and -osis, cheme meaning cockleshell due to the swollen conjunctiva resembling it, and -osis meaning condition. [1]
Long-term mild excess of thyroid hormone can thus cause impaired cardiac reserve and exercise capacity. [4] In a large population-based study of 2008, the odds of having poorer cognitive function were greater for sub-clinical hyperthyroidism than for stroke , diabetes mellitus , and Parkinson's disease . [ 48 ]
For patients with long-standing hypertension, patient education on the importance of consistently taking prescribed medications and keeping blood pressure well-controlled is critical. [2] Additionally, future treatments may focus not only on blood pressure control but also the reduction of local inflammation that can lead to end organ damage. [4]