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Figure 1. A simple bimodal distribution, in this case a mixture of two normal distributions with the same variance but different means. The figure shows the probability density function (p.d.f.), which is an equally-weighted average of the bell-shaped p.d.f.s of the two normal distributions.
There are many research areas involved with astroinformatics, such as data mining, machine learning, statistics, visualization, scientific data management, and semantic science. [7] Data mining and machine learning play significant roles in astroinformatics as a scientific research discipline due to their focus on "knowledge discovery from data ...
A simple bimodal distribution. Figure 3. A bimodal distribution. Note that only the largest peak would correspond to a mode in the strict sense of the definition of mode. In statistics, a unimodal probability distribution or unimodal distribution is a probability distribution which has a single peak.
A bimodal distribution would have two high points rather than one. The shape of a distribution is sometimes characterised by the behaviours of the tails (as in a long or short tail). For example, a flat distribution can be said either to have no tails, or to have short tails.
The mode of a sample is the element that occurs most often in the collection. For example, the mode of the sample [1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 12, 12, 17] is 6. Given the list of data [1, 1, 2, 4, 4] its mode is not unique. A dataset, in such a case, is said to be bimodal, while a set with more than two modes may be described as multimodal.
The standard uniform distribution is a special case of the beta distribution, with parameters (1,1). The sum of two independent uniform distributions U 1 (a,b)+U 2 (c,d) yields a trapezoidal distribution, symmetric about its mean, on the support [a+c,b+d].
Otsu's method performs well when the histogram has a bimodal distribution with a deep and sharp valley between the two peaks. [6] Like all other global thresholding methods, Otsu's method performs badly in case of heavy noise, small objects size, inhomogeneous lighting and larger intra-class than inter-class variance. [7]
The inverse Gaussian distribution is a two-parameter exponential family with natural parameters −λ/(2μ 2) and −λ/2, and natural statistics X and 1/X.. For > fixed, it is also a single-parameter natural exponential family distribution [3] where the base distribution has density