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HER2 activation results from heterodimerization with another ERBB member or by homodimerization when HER2 concentration are high, for instance in cancer. [8] Amplification or over-expression of this oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of certain aggressive types of breast cancer .
Common side effects include fever, infection, cough, headache, trouble sleeping, and rash. [30] Other severe side effects include heart failure, allergic reactions, and lung disease. [30] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. [22] Trastuzumab works by binding to the HER2 receptor and slowing down cell replication. [30]
The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/neu (ErbB-2), Her 3 (ErbB-3) and Her 4 (ErbB-4). In many cancer types, mutations affecting EGFR expression or activity could result in cancer. [6]
ErbB2 overexpression can occur in breast, ovarian, bladder, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as several other tumor types. [28] Trastuzumab or Herceptin inhibits downstream signal cascades by selectively binding to the extracellular domain of ErbB-2 receptors to inhibit it. [28] This leads to decreased proliferation of tumor cells. [28]
[19] [20] Trastuzumab, the first HER2-targeted drug developed in 1990, interferes with HER2 signalling. In 2001, a study showed that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy improved overall survival in women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. [21] Then, in 2005, it was shown that trastuzumab is effective as an adjuvant treatment in women ...
The overexpression of HER2 is determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), or with fluorescent in situ hybridization in those equivocal cases where IHC does not provide a clear result. Different molecular subtypes of breast cancer have also been described, which loosely align with receptor status: Luminal A (ER and/or PR positive; HER2 negative)
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