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A transversal is a line that intersects a pair of (often parallel) lines and is associated with exterior angles, interior angles, alternate exterior angles, alternate interior angles, corresponding angles, and consecutive interior angles. [16]
Corresponding sides of similar polygons are in proportion, and corresponding angles of similar polygons have the same measure. Two congruent shapes are similar, with a scale factor of 1. However, some school textbooks specifically exclude congruent triangles from their definition of similar triangles by insisting that the sizes must be ...
Two lines that are parallel to the same line are also parallel to each other. In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides (Pythagoras' theorem). [6] [7] The law of cosines, a generalization of Pythagoras' theorem. There is no upper limit to the area of a triangle. (Wallis axiom) [8]
the distance between the two lines can be found by locating two points (one on each line) that lie on a common perpendicular to the parallel lines and calculating the distance between them. Since the lines have slope m , a common perpendicular would have slope −1/ m and we can take the line with equation y = − x / m as a common perpendicular.
[19]: 14–15 The torque can vanish even when the force is non-zero, if the body is located at the reference point (=) or if the force and the displacement vector are directed along the same line. The angular momentum of a collection of point masses, and thus of an extended body, is found by adding the contributions from each of the points.
adjacent angles in a parallelogram are supplementary (add to 180°) and, the diagonals of a rectangle are equal and cross each other in their median point. Let there be a right angle ∠ ABC, r a line parallel to BC passing by A, and s a line parallel to AB passing by C. Let D be the point of intersection of lines r and s.
When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer a parallelogram, but the same principles apply to a polygon of forces. The resultant force due to the application of a number of forces can be found geometrically by drawing arrows for each force. The parallelogram of forces is a graphical manifestation of the addition of vectors.
Tangential – intersecting a curve at a point and parallel to the curve at that point. Collinear – in the same line; Parallel – in the same direction. Transverse – intersecting at any angle, i.e. not parallel. Orthogonal (or perpendicular) – at a right angle (at the point of intersection).