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In pharmacology, clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination. This is the rate of elimination of a substance divided by its concentration. [1] The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time.
The dialyzer clearance K is usually estimated, based on the urea transfer ability of the dialyzer (a function of its size and membrane permeability), the blood flow rate, and the dialysate flow rate. [4] In some dialysis machines, the urea clearance during dialysis is estimated by testing the ability of the dialyzer to remove a small salt load ...
The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a relative measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is defined by following equation: c l e a r a n c e r a t i o o f X = C x C i n {\displaystyle clearance\ ratio\ of\ X={\frac {C_{x}}{C_{in}}}}
Stage 5 chronic renal failure is reached when the glomerular filtration rate is less than 15% of the normal, creatinine clearance is less than 10 mL per minute, and uremia is present. [ 1 ] Dialysis is used as a temporary measure in either acute kidney injury or in those awaiting kidney transplant and as a permanent measure in those for whom a ...
K' is the equivalent clearance [mL/min] or [m 3 /s] ˙ is the mass generation rate of the substance - assumed to be a constant, i.e. not a function of time [mmol/min] or [mol/s] C o is the concentration at the beginning of dialysis [mmol/L] or [mol/m 3] Equation 4 is normalized by the volume of distribution to form equation 5:
Measurement of renal or plasma clearance of 51 Cr-EDTA is widely used in Europe but not available in the United States, where 99m Tc-DTPA may be used instead. [10] Renal and plasma clearance 51 Cr-EDTA has been shown to be accurate in comparison with the gold standard, inulin.
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate – Reabsorption rate + Secretion rate [1] Although the strictest sense of the word excretion with respect to the urinary system is urination itself, renal clearance is also conventionally called excretion (for example, in the set term fractional excretion of sodium).
Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance is a method used in renal physiology to measure renal plasma flow, which is a measure of renal function. [citation needed]PAH is completely removed from blood that passes through the kidneys (PAH undergoes both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion), and therefore the rate at which the kidneys can clear PAH from the blood reflects total renal plasma flow.