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For a non-square integer, n, every divisor, d, of n is paired with divisor n/d of n and () is even; for a square integer, one divisor (namely ) is not paired with a distinct divisor and () is odd. Similarly, the number σ 1 ( n ) {\displaystyle \sigma _{1}(n)} is odd if and only if n is a square or twice a square.
There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes. An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.
Divisor function d(n) up to n = 250 Prime-power factors. In number theory, a superior highly composite number is a natural number which, in a particular rigorous sense, has many divisors. Particularly, it is defined by a ratio between the number of divisors an integer has and that integer raised to some positive power.
σ k (n) is the divisor function (i.e. the sum of the k-th powers of the divisors of n, including 1 and n). σ 0 (n), the number of divisors of n, is usually written d(n) and σ 1 (n), the sum of the divisors of n, is usually written σ(n). If s > 0,
In the SVG file, hover over a bar to see its statistics. The tables below list all of the divisors of the numbers 1 to 1000. A divisor of an integer n is an integer m, for which n/m is again an integer (which is necessarily also a divisor of n). For example, 3 is a divisor of 21, since 21/7 = 3 (and therefore 7 is also a divisor of 21).
An average order of d(n), the number of divisors of n, is log n; An average order of σ(n), the sum of divisors of n, is nπ 2 / 6; An average order of φ(n), Euler's totient function of n, is 6n / π 2; An average order of r(n), the number of ways of expressing n as a sum of two squares, is π;
In number theory, a deficient number or defective number is a positive integer n for which the sum of divisors of n is less than 2n. Equivalently, it is a number for which the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) is less than n. For example, the proper divisors of 8 are 1, 2, and 4, and their sum is less than 8, so 8 is deficient.
A simple example of the use of this formula is counting the number of reduced fractions 0 < a / b < 1, where a and b are coprime and b ≤ n. If we let f(n) be this number, then g(n) is the total number of fractions 0 < a / b < 1 with b ≤ n, where a and b are not necessarily coprime.