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  2. Agathism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathism

    An agathist accepts that evil and misfortune will ultimately happen, but that the eventual outcome leads towards the good. [2] In other words, an agathist may see the world as essentially good but a place in which bad things can and do happen to good people. [citation needed]

  3. Negative and positive atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_and_positive_atheism

    For example, the God of classical theism is often considered to be a personal supreme being who is omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent, caring about humans and human affairs. One might be a positive atheist for such a deity, while being a negative atheist with respect to a deistic conception of God by rejecting belief in ...

  4. Dystheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystheism

    Dystheism as a concept, although often not labeled as such, has been referred to in many aspects of popular culture.As stated before, related ideas date back many decades, with the Victorian era figure Algernon Charles Swinburne writing in his work Anactoria about the ancient Greek poet Sappho and her lover Anactoria in explicitly dystheistic imagery that includes cannibalism and sadomasochism.

  5. Apophatic theology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophatic_theology

    God Himself does not know what He is because He is not anything [i.e., "not any created thing"]. Literally God is not, because He transcends being. [80] When he says "He is not anything" and "God is not", Scotus does not mean that there is no God, but that God cannot be said to exist in the way that creation exists, i.e. that God is uncreated.

  6. Hanlon's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon's_razor

    Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states: [1]. Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. It is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior.

  7. Euthyphro dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma

    Gottfried Leibniz asked whether the good and just "is good and just because God wills it or whether God wills it because it is good and just". [1] Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma , and it continues to be an object of theological and ...

  8. Best of all possible worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_all_possible_worlds

    This is the cause for the existence of the greatest good; namely, that the wisdom of God permits him to know it, his goodness causes him to choose it, and his power enables him to produce it. [ 4 ] Since this is a very compact exposition, the remainder of this section will explain the argument in more words.

  9. Epicurean paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurean_paradox

    Epicurus was not an atheist, although he rejected the idea of a god concerned with human affairs; followers of Epicureanism denied the idea that there was no god. While the conception of a supreme, happy and blessed god was the most popular during his time, Epicurus rejected such a notion, as he considered it too heavy a burden for a god to have to worry about all the problems in the world.