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A drill chuck is a specialised self-centering, three-jaw chuck, usually with capacity of 0.5 in (13 mm) or less, and rarely greater than 1 in (25 mm), used to hold drill bits or other rotary tools. This type of chuck is used on tools ranging from professional equipment to inexpensive hand and power drills for domestic use.
Even on many drill presses, handheld drills, and lathes, which have chucks (such as a drill chuck or collet chuck), the chuck is attached by a taper. On drills, drill presses, and milling machines , the male member is the tool shank or toolholder shank, and the female socket is integral with the spindle.
The middle size is the No. 30 size, and all numbers with the 30 in them have a chuck shank size of 9/32" (7mm) diameter. The biggest size is the No. 31, and all numbers with 31 in them have a chuck diameter of 5/16" (8mm) diameter. A '1' in front of the number denotes a return spring fitted.
Such a drill bit is called a reduced-shank or blacksmith's drill. For example, this allows a 1 ⁄ 2-inch (13 mm) bit to be used in a pistol-grip drill's 3 ⁄ 8-inch (9.5 mm) chuck. One particular type of reduced-shank drill bits are Silver & Deming (S&D) bits, whose sets run from 9 ⁄ 16-inch (14 mm) to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch (38 mm) drill body ...
Such an appropriately sized drill is called a tap drill for that size of thread, because it is a correct drill to be followed by the tap. Many thread sizes have several possible tap drills, because they yield threads of varying thread depth between 50% and 100%.
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