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Nootropics (/ n oʊ. ə ˈ t r oʊ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROHP-iks or / n oʊ. ə ˈ t r ɒ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROP-iks), [1] colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
In most of the developing world, especially in rural areas, local traditional medicine, including herbalism, is the only source of health care for people, while in the developed world, alternative medicine including use of dietary supplements is marketed aggressively using the claims of traditional medicine.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently uses herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. [16] Some prescription drugs have a basis as herbal remedies, [2] including artemisinin, [17] digitalis, quinine and taxanes.
These systems often have a significant herbal component. The history of herbalism also overlaps with food history, as many of the herbs and spices historically used by humans to season food yield useful medicinal compounds, [1] [2] and use of spices with antimicrobial activity in cooking is part of an ancient response to the threat of food ...
The use of plants for medicinal purposes, and their descriptions, dates back two to three thousand years. [10] [11] The word herbal is derived from the mediaeval Latin liber herbalis ("book of herbs"): [2] it is sometimes used in contrast to the word florilegium, which is a treatise on flowers [12] with emphasis on their beauty and enjoyment rather than the herbal emphasis on their utility. [13]
This is carried out from the blending of the raw herbs to the end product according to the ministry's pharmaceutical standards. Medicinal mushrooms like reishi and shiitake are herbal products with a long history of use. In Japan, the Agaricus blazei mushroom is a highly popular herb, which is used by close to 500,000 people. [7]
The seeds are used internally in a decoction or herbal tea [102] as a demulcent and diuretic, and the leaves made into poultices as an emollient for external applications. Matricaria recutita and Anthemis nobilis: Chamomile: It has been used over history for a variety of conditions, including sleeplessness and anxiety. [103] Medicago sativa ...
A root of cultivated Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng). Ginseng (/ ˈ dʒ ɪ n s ɛ ŋ /) [1] is the root [a] of plants in the genus Panax, such as South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.