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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos 'strength, power') is the notion of a political system in which economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth or social class. [1]
The German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) was the first to study bureaucracy formally, and his works led to the popularization of this term. [62] In his essay Bureaucracy, [63] published in his magnum opus, Economy and Society in 1921, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. His ideal ...
The importance of the merit system in a workplace is to provide good quality work to the public. When merit is truly assessed in the process of hiring or promoting personnel, an honest, effective, and productive workplace is created. [8] Employees build organizations and the service they provide to customers allows the organization to be ...
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government. The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [1]
Totalitarian rule was the height of imperial over-centralization, fostering inefficiency and waste, while Soviet Russian imperialism encouraged national-liberation struggles in Ukraine, Central ...
One of the oldest examples of a civil service based on meritocracy is the Imperial bureaucracy of China, which can be traced as far back as the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). However, the civil service examinations were practiced on a much smaller scale in comparison to the stronger, centralized bureaucracy of the Song dynasty (960–1279).
Bayer attacked bureaucracy by firing some 5,000 managers and asking teams to ‘self-organize.’ ... eliminated nearly all managers and instead asked teams to ‘self-organize’ for 90-day work ...