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Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Although fungi are eukaryotic , many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms . [ 1 ] Approximately 300 fungi are known to be pathogenic to humans; [ 2 ] their study is called " medical mycology ".
A diagram showing the infecting structures and effector delivery strategies of a model hemibiotrophic pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Fungal effectors are proteins or non-proteinaceous molecules (such as RNAs or small molecules) secreted by pathogenic fungi into a host organism in order to modulate the host's immune response.
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus Puccinia, are currently accepted. [3] Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features.
In March 2010, Aspergillus covered 837 species of fungi. [5] Notable species placed in Aspergillus include: Aspergillus flavus is a notable plant pathogen impacting crop yields and a common cause of aspergillosis. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of aspergillosis in individuals with an immunodeficiency.
These similarities in the patterns of expression led to the conclusion that the core expression program of meiosis has been conserved in these fungi for over half a billion years of evolution since these species diverged. [14] Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycosarcoma maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to ...
The terms alternariosis and alternariatoxicosis are used for disorders in humans and animals caused by a fungus in this genus. Not all Alternaria species are pests and pathogens; some have shown promise as biocontrol agents against invasive plant species. Some species have also been reported as endophytic microorganisms with highly bioactive ...