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Islamic non-banking finance has grown to encompass a wide range of services, but as of 2013, banking still dominates and represented about four-fifths of total assets in Islamic finance. [ 60 ] [ 44 ] The sukuk market is also a fast-growing segment with assets equivalent to about 15 percent of the industry.
In 2002, the Malaysia-based Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) was established as an international standard-setting body for Islamic financial institutions. [65] By 1995, 144 Islamic financial institutions had been established worldwide, including 33 government-run banks, 40 private banks, and 71 investment companies. [79]
In addition to the individual Sharia boards that every Islamic financial institution has, there are organizations that have issued guidelines and standards for Sharia-compliance: Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, [14] Fiqh Academy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Islamic Financial Services Board ...
The IFSB was founded by "a consortium of central banks" and the Islamic Development Bank in 2002 and began operations on 10 March 2003. [7] [8] The country of its location, Malaysia, passed a special law the same year —the Islamic Financial Services Board Act 2002—giving the IFSB the usual "immunities and privileges" international organizations receive.
The industry has been praised for turning a "theory" into an industry that has grown to about $2 trillion in size; [6] [7] [8] for attracting banking users whose religious objections have kept them away from conventional banking services, [9] drawing non-Muslim bankers into the field, [2] and (according to other supporters) introducing a more stable, less risky form of finance.
(Takaful Basic Examination of Islamic Banking and Finance Institute of Malaysia). [1] According to at least one author (Monzer Kahf), Mu'amalat "sets terms and conditions of conduct for economic and financial relationships in the Islamic economy" and provides the "grounds on which new instruments" of Islamic financing are developed. It also ...
Usmani considers profit and loss sharing the "ideal" Islamic financial instrument and superior to Islamic debt-based financing (such as credit sales). [50] Usmani notes that some non-Muslim economists [ Note 2 ] have supported development of equity markets in "areas of finance currently served by debt" [ 52 ] (though they do not support banning ...
A student in finance, management, law or economics aiming to learn about Islamic finance needs this side of legal theory in order to understand the peculiarity of this sector. All the particular aspects of Islamic finance in all these sides (legal, accounting, financial) are based on the legal particularities of contracts in traditional Islamic ...
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