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Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.
Maturity (sedimentology) In sedimentary geology, maturity describes the composition and texture of grains in clastic rocks, most typically sandstones, resulting from different amounts of sediment transportation. A sediment is mature when the grains in a sediment become well-sorted and well-rounded due to weathering or abrasion of the grains ...
Chert (/ tʃɜːrt /) is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, [1] the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO 2). [2] Chert is characteristically of biological origin, but may also occur inorganically as a chemical precipitate or a diagenetic replacement, as in petrified wood.
Liesegang rings usually cut across layers of stratification and occur in many types of rock, some of which more commonly include sandstone and chert. [3] Though there is a high occurrence of Liesegang rings in sedimentary rocks, [6] relatively few scientists have studied their mineralogy and texture in enough detail to write more about them. [12]
Oolite. Oolite or oölite (from Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') [1] is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. [2] Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term oolith can refer to oolite or ...
Conglomerate (/ kənˈɡlɒmərɪt /) is a sedimentary rock made up of rounded gravel -sized pieces of rock surrounded by finer-grained sediments (such as sand, silt, or clay). The larger fragments within conglomerate are called clasts, while the finer sediment surrounding the clasts is called the matrix. The clasts and matrix are typically ...
Limestone. Limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO3) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of CaCO3. Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium.
The black crystal is garnet, the pink-orange-yellow colored strands are muscovite mica, and the brown crystals are biotite mica. The grey and white crystals are quartz and (limited) feldspar. Metamorphism is the transformation of existing rock (the protolith) to rock with a different mineral composition or texture.