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  2. Montesquieu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu

    Montesquieu. Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu[a] (18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many ...

  3. The Spirit of Law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law

    t. e. The Spirit of Law (French: De l'esprit des lois, originally spelled De l'esprit des loix[1]), also known in English as The Spirit of [the] Laws, is a treatise on political theory, as well as a pioneering work in comparative law by Montesquieu, published in 1748. [2] Originally published anonymously, as was the norm, its influence outside ...

  4. Separation of powers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers

    Politics. The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. [1]

  5. Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Considerations_on_the...

    277. Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline (French: Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence) is an 18th-century book written by French political philosopher Montesquieu. First published in 1734, it is widely considered by scholars to be among Montesquieu's best ...

  6. Persian Letters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Letters

    Persian Letters (French: Lettres persanes) is a literary work, published in 1721, by Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, recounting the experiences of two fictional Persian noblemen, Usbek&Rica, who spend several years in France under Louis XIV and the Regency. [1]

  7. Separation of powers under the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under...

    t. e. Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined authority to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced ...

  8. State of nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_nature

    State of nature. In ethics, political philosophy, social contract theory, religion, and international law, the term state of nature describes the hypothetical way of life that existed before humans organised themselves into societies or civilisations. [1] Philosophers of the state of nature theory propose that there was a historical period ...

  9. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    Some date the beginning of the Enlightenment to the publication of René Descartes ' Discourse on the Method in 1637, with his method of systematically disbelieving everything unless there was a well-founded reason for accepting it, and featuring his famous dictum, Cogito, ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am").