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Portrait of a woman wearing a heavily ruffled cap, 1789 Mechanical ruffler by Singer, used on domestic sewing machines. In sewing and dressmaking, a ruffle, frill, or furbelow is a strip of fabric, lace or ribbon tightly gathered or pleated on one edge and applied to a garment, bedding, or other textile as a form of trimming.
Sewing machine stitches are classified by their structure: chain stitch, made with one thread; lockstitch, made with two threads; and overlock, made with one to four threads. surplice A surplice is a neckline formed by overlapping the left and right bodice pieces to form a "V".
types of hand sewing stitches. This is a list of stitches used in hand and machine sewing. The most common standard for stitches in the apparel industry is ASTM International ASTM D6193-16(2020) [1] The standard also covers various types of seams. Under this classification of stitches there are basic groups as follows:
Trim or trimming in clothing and home decorating is applied ornament, such as gimp, passementerie, ribbon, ruffles, or, as a verb, to apply such ornament. Before the Industrial Revolution, all trim was made and applied by hand, thus making heavily trimmed furnishings and garments expensive and high-status.
1861 pattern for a woman's lace collar using Hutton's waved lacet braid 19th-century industrial braiding machine creating rickrack and the Museum of Crafts and Industry, St. Etienne, France. In the 1860s, rickrack was known as waved crochet braid or waved lacet braid. [6]
Another machine was invented in 1847 which exactly followed the hand movements a lace-maker would make. Manufacture has since died out. [3] Mechlin lace was also very popular with the English royalty. Queen Mary II, in spite of the prohibition against imported laces, purchased two yards of knotted fringe for her Mechlin ruffles in 1694.
To make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, with color and patterns, which turns it into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of coloring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. [1]
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