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Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...
Large-cell lung carcinoma (LCLC), or large-cell carcinoma (LCC) in short, is a heterogeneous group of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms that lack the cytologic and architectural features of small cell carcinoma and glandular or squamous differentiation. [1]
In addition to recognizing cancerous cells, a pathologist can classify the tumor according to the type of cells it originates from. Around 15% of cases are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the remaining 85% (the non-small-cell lung cancers or NSCLC) are adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas.
Unlike extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, limited-stage small cell lung cancer is potentially curable. [4] In limited small cell lung cancer, the median overall survival time is approximately 12–16 months, with five year survival rate of approximately 26% and long-term survival rate of approximately 4–5%. [19]
Adenocarcinoma is a non-small cell lung carcinoma, and it is not as responsive to radiation therapy compared to small cell lung carcinoma. [10] However, radiotherapy may be used as an adjuvant therapy for patients who have undergone a resection surgery to reduce the risk of lung cancer relapse.
Large-cell carcinoma (LCC), like small-cell carcinoma (SCC) is very rare and only accounts for about 5% of all cervical cancers. Early-stage LCC are extremely aggressive and difficult to diagnose due to the sub-mucosal location of the tumor and intact overlying mucosa. As with SCC, in LCC early cases are asymptomatic.
Combined small cell lung carcinoma (or c-SCLC) is a form of multiphasic lung cancer that is diagnosed by a pathologist when a malignant tumor, arising from transformed cells originating in lung tissue, contains a component of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) mixed with one or more components of any histological variant of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in any relative proportion.
It is currently considered to be a subtype of large-cell lung carcinoma. LCNEC is often generically grouped among the non-small-cell lung carcinomas. [1] LCNECs often have inactivations of p53 and RB (~40%), or inactivation of TP53 and STK11 or KEAP1 (~40%). [2]