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CLSM consists of a mixture of Portland cement, water, aggregate and sometimes fly ash.Unlike ordinary concrete, CLSM has much lower strength. The strength of CLSM is less than 1,200 pounds per square inch (8.3 MPa), while ordinary concrete has strengths exceeding 3,000 pounds per square inch (21 MPa) [citation needed].
As a comparison, plastic road claims to dispose 8–10 kg (or 4-6%) of selected and washed plastic waste in the road surface per tons of asphalt, [4] while waste light concrete can dispose around 800 kg / tons of road base concrete with only low energy consumption shredding and mixing at room temperature. However, these two technologies can be ...
Polymer concrete is a type of concrete that uses a polymer to replace lime-type cements as a binder. One specific type is epoxy granite , where the polymer used is exclusively epoxy . In some cases the polymer is used in addition to portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). [ 1 ]
For normal weight concrete (defined as concrete with a w c of 150 lb/ft 3 and subtracting 5 lb/ft 3 for steel) E c is permitted to be taken as ′. The publication used by structural bridge engineers is the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Manual, or "LRFD."
Culverts can be constructed of a variety of materials including cast-in-place or precast concrete (reinforced or non-reinforced), galvanized steel, aluminum, or plastic (typically high-density polyethylene). Two or more materials may be combined to form composite structures. For example, open-bottom corrugated steel structures are often built ...
Concrete is poured around these plastic forms to create internal voids in the slab A voided biaxial slab installation in Turkey. Voided biaxial slabs, sometimes called biaxial slabs or voided slabs, are a type of reinforced concrete slab which incorporates air-filled voids to reduce the volume of concrete required.
[5] [6] The US Army Corps of Engineers in Vicksburg, Mississippi (1981) experimented with a number of confining systems, from plastic pipe mats, to slotted aluminum sheets to prefabricated polymeric systems called sand grids and then, cellular confinement systems. Today cellular confinement systems are typically made from strips 50–200 mm ...
Pervious concrete, used in permeable paving, contains a network of holes or voids, to allow air or water to move through the concrete This allows water to drain naturally through it, and can both remove the normal surface-water drainage infrastructure, and allow replenishment of groundwater when conventional concrete does not.