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Envelope generators, which allow users to control the different stages of a sound, are common features of synthesizers, samplers, and other electronic musical instruments. The most common envelope generator is controlled with four parameters: attack , decay , sustain and release ( ADSR ).
The Philips SAA1099 sound generator is a 6-voice sound chip used by some 1980s devices. [1] [2] [3]It can produce several different waveforms by locking the volume envelope generator to the frequency generator, and also has a noise generator with 3 preset frequencies which can be locked to the frequency generator for greater range.
This variant of the chip adds a number of major enhancements, such as separate envelopes for the three channels (as opposed to one shared envelope), variable duty-cycles, more bits of precision for note frequency, volume, and envelope frequency, and a much more configurable noise generator. It was used on the Covox Sound Master sound card for ...
The following quotation summarizes its facilities: [T]he SN76477 generates complex audio signal waveforms by combining the outputs of a low frequency oscillator, variable frequency (voltage controlled) oscillator (VCO) and noise source, modulating the resulting composite signal with a selected envelope and, finally, adjusting the signal's attack and decay periods.
The YM2203 and the rest of the OPN synthesizer family generate sound via frequency-modulated digital sine waves. It included 12 operator "cells", each generating a 13-bit sine wave at a programmable frequency, the volume of which is controlled by a programmable ADSR envelope generator. The output of these cells could be either summed together ...
The envelope generator can be triggered by either the keyboard, or the LFO; Oscillator 2 can be tuned independently or hard-synced to oscillator 1; Noise generator. (Digital pseudo-random noise) Ring modulation (labeled "Bell Tone") - this is actually amplitude modulation of VCO 1 and 2) Polyphonic oscillator. This is a divide-down, square wave ...
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The envelope applied on the filter helps the sound designer generating long notes or short notes by moving the parameters up and down such as decay, sustain and finally release. For instance by using a short decay with no sustain, the sound generated is commonly known as a stab. Sound designers may prefer shaping the sound with a filter instead ...