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Jean-Baptiste Lully [a] (28 or 29 November [O.S. 18 or 19 November] 1632 – 22 March 1687) was a French composer, dancer and instrumentalist of Italian birth, who is considered a master of the French Baroque music style.
Jean-Baptiste Lully is considered the most important composer of music for ballet de cour and instrumental to the development of the form. During his employment by Louis XIV as director of the Académie Royale de Music , he worked with Pierre Beauchamp , Molière , Philippe Quinault and Mademoiselle De Lafontaine to develop ballet as an art ...
In this position Lully, with his librettist Philippe Quinault, created a new genre, the tragédie en musique, each act of which featured a divertissement that was a miniature ballet scene. [27] With almost all his important creations Jean-Baptiste Lully brought together music and drama with Italian and French dance elements.
Perhaps one of the most influential men on ballet during the seventeenth century was Jean Baptiste Lully. Lully was born in Italy, but moved to France where he quickly became a favorite of Louis XIV and performed alongside the king in many ballets until the king's retirement from dance in 1670. [3]
The first example of the genre is considered to be Les fâcheux, with words by Molière, performed in honour of Louis XIV at Vaux-le-Vicomte, the residence of Nicolas Fouquet, in 1661. The music and choreography were by Pierre Beauchamp , but Jean-Baptiste Lully later contributed a sung courante for Act I, scene 3.
By the 18th century, ballet had migrated from the French and Italian royal courts to the Paris Opéra under the careful direction of composer/dancer Jean-Baptiste Lully. Lully sought to develop ballet into more serious art. Under his influence, ballet was turned into a recognized art that was performed by professional dancers rather than courtiers.
Frontispiece and title page of Le Bourgeois gentilhomme from a 1688 edition. Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (French pronunciation: [lə buʁʒwa ʒɑ̃tijɔm], translated as The Bourgeois Gentleman, The Middle-Class Aristocrat, or The Would-Be Noble) is a five-act comédie-ballet – a play intermingled with music, dance and singing – written by Molière, first presented on 14 October 1670 before ...
The form is first encountered in Jean-Baptiste Lully's ballet overtures from the 1650s. [1] Later examples can be found as the opening movement of each of Johann Sebastian Bach 's orchestral suites , Partita in D major, BWV 828 , C minor Cello Suite, BWV 1011 , and as an opening to many operas and oratorios by George Frideric Handel (including ...