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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), sold under many brand names, is a sympathomimetic agent used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. [9] [1] [10] [11] It was once common in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.
After single oral administration of 100 mg the maximum plasma concentration is reached after 3 hours and amounts to 33.2 ng/mL. [3] Therapeutic concentrations of opipramol range from 140 to 550 nmol/L. [ 26 ] The plasma protein binding amounts to approximately 91% and the volume of distribution is approximately 10 L/kg. [ 3 ]
Dexatrim formula has changed considerably over the years. In prior formulations, Dexatrim contained the decongestant phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and the amphetamine-like compound ephedra. [13] A 2000 study by Yale University School of Medicine showed an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with taking PPA. [14]
α-Propylphenethylamine (APPEA or α-Pr-PEA), also known as 1-phenyl-2-aminopentane, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. [1] [2] It is the analogue of the β-phenethylamine (PEA) derivatives amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine; "AMPEA") and phenylisobutylamine (α-ethylphenethylamine; AEPEA) in which the α-alkyl chain has been further lengthened to be a propyl ...
Blood or plasma verapamil concentrations are usually in a range of 50–500 μg/L in persons on therapy with the drug, but may rise to 1–4 mg/L in acute overdose patients and are often at levels of 5–10 mg/L in fatal poisonings.
[6] [6] Peak concentrations of phentermine are reached 6 hours following oral administration of a dose of 15 mg. [6] The steady-state levels of phentermine with continuous administration have been found to be around 200 ng/mL in clinical studies. [6] The oral bioavailability of phentermine is not affected by intake of a high-fat meal. [6]
[3] [10] Whereas PPAP and selegiline are active at doses of 1 to 5 mg/kg in vivo in rats, BPAP is active at doses of 0.05 to 10 mg/kg. [3] BPAP is 130 times as potent as selegiline in the shuttle box test. [1] In contrast to BPAP however, the MAE effects of PPAP and selegiline are not reversed by the BPAP antagonist 3-F-BPAP. [2]
Fenfluramine is indicated for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people age two and older. [3] [7] [4]Dravet syndrome is a life-threatening, rare and chronic form of epilepsy. [7]