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A variety of wine vessels around an altar, Western Zhou – Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1] From c. 1650 BC, elaborately decorated bronze vessels were deposited as grave goods in the tombs of royalty and nobility during the Chinese Bronze Age. Documented excavations have found over 200 pieces in a single royal tomb.
Shang dynasty, 1300–1046 BC. Like other ritual bronze shapes, the ding was originally an ordinary ceramic cooking, serving and storage vessel, dating back to the Chinese Neolithic, and ceramic dings continued to be used during and after the period when ceremonial bronze versions were made.
A zun with taotie dating to the Shang dynasty A rare Xi zun in the shape of an ox Western Zhou goose-shaped bronze zun. National Museum of China. The zun or yi, used until the Northern Song (960–1126) is a type of Chinese ritual bronze or ceramic wine vessel with a round or square vase-like form, sometimes in the shape of an animal, [1] first appearing in the Shang dynasty.
A jue (Chinese: 爵; Wade–Giles: chüeh) is a type of ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel used to serve warm wine during ancestor-worship ceremonies. [1] It takes the form of an ovoid body supported by three splayed triangular legs, with a long curved spout (liu 流) on one side and a counterbalancing flange (wei 尾) on the other.
A gu is a type of ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600–256 BC). It was used to drink wine or to offer ritual libations. A gu is tall and slender, with a slightly flared base that tapers to a slim center section before widening again into a trumpet-like mouth, wider than the base.
The He zun (Chinese: 何尊) is an ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel of the zun shape. [2] It dates from the era of Western Zhou (1046–771 BC), [3] specifically the early years of the dynasty, [4] and is famous as the oldest artifact with the written characters meaning "Middle Kingdom" or "Central State" — 中國: "China" — in a bronze inscription on the container. [5]
Chinese bronze inscriptions, also referred to as bronze script or bronzeware script, comprise Chinese writing made in several styles on ritual bronzes mainly during the Late Shang dynasty (c. 1250 – c. 1046 BC) and Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 771 BC). Types of bronzes include zhong bells and ding tripodal cauldrons. Early inscriptions ...
Hu were an important part of religious and cultural rituals, [15] with many falling into the category of Chinese ritual bronzes. Inscriptions in some vessels indicate that as early as the Shang dynasty, the king would give bronze vessels as gifts to deserving vassals. [15] By 900 BCE other officials had adapted this custom. [15]