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The alignment is the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves. The profile is the vertical aspect of the road, including crest and sag curves, and the straight grade lines connecting them.
The design horizontal alignment on the curved track in North America is 1 inch for each degree of curvature. Any other readings indicate deviations. The vertical alignment (or profile in North America, but not to be confused with rail profile) is the surface uniformity in the vertical plane. The measurement of uniformity is done using a ...
Road alignment, the route of a road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves, as defined by planners and surveyors; Railway alignment, three-dimensional geometry of track layouts; Transfer alignment, a process for initializing and calibrating the inertial navigation system on a missile or torpedo
When used as a celestial coordinate, the azimuth is the horizontal direction of a star or other astronomical object in the sky. The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the local area (e.g. a circular area with a 5 km radius at sea level) around an observer on Earth's surface, and the reference vector points to true north.
In civil engineering, a reverse curve (or "S" curve) is a section of the horizontal alignment of a highway or rail route in which a curve to the left or right is followed immediately by a curve in the opposite direction. [1] [2]
The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles of a spherical coordinate system: altitude and azimuth. Therefore, the horizontal coordinate system is sometimes called the az/el system, [1] the alt/az system, or the alt-azimuth system, among
The design pattern for horizontal geometry is typically a sequence of straight line (i.e., a tangent) and curve (i.e. a circular arc) segments connected by transition curves. The degree of banking in railroad track is typically expressed as the difference in elevation of the two rails, commonly quantified and referred to as the superelevation .
Curvy road in through swamps in Florida. Road curves are irregular bends in roads to bring a gradual change of direction. Similar curves are on railways and canals.. Curves provided in the horizontal plane are known as horizontal curves and are generally circular or parabolic.