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Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
Epinephrine is an α and β adrenergic agonist that is used to treat other upper respiratory tract illnesses, such as croup, as a nebulized solution. [51] Current guidelines do not support the outpatient use of epinephrine in bronchiolitis given the lack of substantial sustained benefit.
A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare. Such documents have been in use for thousands of years during the entire history of medicine
An electronic forum, NGC-L for exchanging information on clinical practice guidelines, their development, implementation and use; An Annotated Bibliography database where users can search for citations for publications and resources about guidelines, including guideline development and methodology, structure, evaluation, and implementation.
Although there is no universally-accepted clinical definition for acute bronchitis, there is a proposed set of practical criteria (Macfarlane, 2001 [19]) that include: An acute illness of less than three weeks. Cough as the predominant symptom. At least one other lower respiratory tract symptom, such as sputum production, wheezing, chest pain.
In children, viral infections such as croup or epiglottitis are frequent causes. [4] Adults are more likely to experience obstruction from enlargement of the tonsils or vocal cord paralysis . [ 3 ] Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common chronic cause of upper airway obstruction.
Based upon the work of the international AGREE Collaboration for the quality of clinical practice guidelines, [3] an organised network for organisations and experts working in the field of evidence-based guidelines was proposed in early 2002 at the first international guideline conference in Berlin, Germany. [4]
[1] [2] The presence of the steeple sign supports a diagnosis of croup, usually caused by paramyxoviruses. [3] It can also be defined as the replacement of the usual squared-shoulder appearance of the subglottic area by cone-shaped narrowing just distal to the vocal cords. This is called the steeple or pencil-point sign.