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In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. [2] The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object.
In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic field. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes ...
Eddy diffusion, mainly in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, then enables the return upward flow of these water masses. Upwelling has also a coastal component owing to the Ekman transport , but Antarctic Circumpolar Current is considered to be the dominant source of upwelling, responsible for roughly 80% of its overall intensity. [ 22 ]
A baroclinic instability is a fluid dynamical instability of fundamental importance in the atmosphere and ocean. It can lead to the formation of transient mesoscale eddies, with a horizontal scale of 10-100 km. [1] [2] In contrast, flows on the largest scale in the ocean are described as ocean currents, the largest scale eddies are mostly created by shearing of two ocean currents and static ...
Mode-water eddies have a complex density structure. Due to their shape, they cannot be distinguished from regular anticyclones in an eddy-centric (focused on the core of the eddy) analysis based on sea level height. Nonetheless, eddy pumping induced vertical motion in the euphotic zone of mode-water eddies is comparable to cyclones.
A warm core ring is a type of mesoscale eddy which forms and breaks off from an ocean current, such as the Gulf Stream or the Kuroshio Current.The ring is an independent circulatory system of warm water that can persist for several months before losing its distinctive identity. [1]
Located between the eddy and the main current, the eddy line is a swirling seam of green and sometimes white water. Eddy lines vary in size based on the size of the water column, the gradient of the section, and the obstacle creating the eddy.
Ekman theory explains the theoretical state of circulation if water currents were driven only by the transfer of momentum from the wind. In the physical world, this is difficult to observe because of the influences of many simultaneous current driving forces (for example, pressure and density gradients).